Work that has never been written down
If two people do the same task differently and both are right, there is no process yet, only a habit with variations. Automating it freezes one person's version and calls it policy.
Write it down first. Half the time the written version turns out not to need automating, because most of the delay was ambiguity rather than effort.
Judgement dressed up as a rule
Approving an unusual discount, deciding whether a complaint is a refund or an apology, choosing which client hears bad news first. These look like rules because experienced people apply them quickly.
What you can automate is the gathering: bring the facts together, put them in front of the person, record what they decided. That removes the tedious part without removing the judgement.
Cases too rare to learn from
A path taken twice a year will not have a stable rule, and the automation will be wrong in a way nobody notices until it matters.
Rare and important is the worst combination. Rare and trivial can stay manual forever at no real cost.
- Happens a few times a year
- Every instance is a little different
- Getting it wrong is hard to unwind
- Only one or two people have ever handled it
Anything expensive to reverse
Money leaving, messages going out, records being deleted. The value of a person here is not the work, it is the pause.
Where the volume genuinely demands automation, keep the pause and move it: let the system prepare everything and let a person release it.
How to tell judgement from a rule
The test is whether two experienced people, given the same facts, reach the same answer. If they do, it is a rule and it can be written down and then automated.
If they disagree and both can defend their answer, it is judgement. Automating it does not resolve the disagreement, it just picks a side permanently and stops anyone noticing.
What to do with the work that stays manual
Manual does not have to mean slow. Most of the time in a judgement task is spent gathering context, not deciding.
Put everything the person needs on one screen, in the order they need it, and record what they chose. The decision stays human and the surrounding work stops being tedious, which is where the actual time was.